Organic Compounds of Life

Living organisms must be able to:Exchanges matter and energy with its surroundings.Transform matter and energy into a different form.Responding to changes in their environment.Growing.Reproduce.All of these changes are due to large organic compounds called macromolecules.Macromolecules is a combination of many similar smaller molecules polymerized into a chain structure.In living organisms, there are three main types of macromolecules that controls all the activities and determine what an organism will do and be.Protein.carbohydrateNucleic acids.1.Protein are macromolecules which are polymers of amino acids.In a review of protein chemistry is a complex organic compounds of high molecular weight polymer with a monomer in the form of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
 For a discussion we examine the first protein monomer building blocks of protein are amino acidsAmino acids are organic compounds having carboxylate functional group (COOH) and amine (NH2) attached to a carbon atom (Cɲ) the same, the atom is also generally a C asymmetric. The detailed structure of amino acids built by a C atom that binds to four groups namely amine (NH2), a carboxylic group (COOH), a hydrogen atom (H), and the rest of the group R. This cluster distinguishes one amino acid with another amino acid. Carboxylate groups of acidic amino acid causes the amine group is basa.Hal is due to protonation, the amine group becomes - [NH3 +] and a carboxylate ion - [COO-], so that amino acids have two charge and is called the zwitter-ion. Classification of Acid acids based on the nature and structure of the leaving group (R), as R groups that are acidic, alkaline, sulfur-containing R groups or hydroxyl, R as aromatic compounds, aliphatic and cyclic. However, the commonly used classification is the nature of the polarity of the group R.2.Karbohidrat ('hydrates of carbon', carbohydrate) or saccharides (from the Greek σάκχαρον, sákcharon, meaning "sugar") is a majority of the most abundant organic compound on earth. The simplest forms of carbohydrate molecules consist of one molecule of simple sugars called monosaccharides, such as glucose, galactose, and fructose. Many carbohydrates are polymers made up of sugar molecules that are strung into long chains and can also ramify, called polysaccharides, such as starch, chitin, and cellulose. In addition to monosaccharides and polysaccharides, there is also a disaccharide (two monosaccharides series) and oligosaccharides (chain several monosaccharides).3. Nucleic acids were first isolated macromolecules of the cell nucleus. Nucleic acids form linear chains which is a combination of nucleotide monomers as the builder unit. This molecule stores information cell growth and reproduction.
Nucleotide monomers as the primary structure of nucleic acids obtained from the hydrolysis of nucleic acids. Further hydrolysis of the nucleotide monomers will produce phosphoric acid and nucleoside. Hydrolysis process was carried out under alkaline conditions. If hydrolysis continued to nucleoside compounds in aqueous acidic solution will produce a sugar molecule and nitrogen bases to form heterocyclic. So the composition of the constituent molecules of nucleic acid known,