Some aromatic compounds that are not called heteroarena benzene derivatives, these compounds follow Hückel Rule. In these compounds, at least one carbon atom is replaced by another atom, such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. One contohn compound is furan, a heterocyclic ring compound having 5 members, one oxygen atom. Another example is pyridine, a heterocyclic ring compound with 6 members, one nitrogen atom. [3]
Aromatic substitution In aromatic substitution, 1 substituents on the ring arena (usually hydrogen) will be replaced with other substituents. 2 main types are electrophilic aromatic substitution (active electrophile reagent) and nucleophilic aromatic substitution (reagennya nucleophile). In the radical-nucleophilic aromatic substitution, a radical form of active reagents. One example is the nitration of salicylic acid: [4]:
Couplings At couplings, metal will catalyze the coupling between the two radical fragments formal. The results are usually obtained from the coupling reaction is the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds, for example alkilarena, vinyl arena, biraril, the carbon-nitrogen (aniline) or a carbon-oxygen bond new. An example is the arylation of perfluorobenzena
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are carcinogenic particular one, meaning that there are cancerous. These compounds can produce tumors in mice within a very short time even though only a few are applied to the skin. This is not only carcinogenic hydrocarbons present in coal tar, but also the soot and tobacco smoke and can form in the meat baker. Biological effects have been known for a long time, ie since 1775, when the soot is defined as a cause of cancer of the penis chimney cleaning. Incidence of lip cancer and heart disease are also found in the smoker.
How these carcinogens cause cancer now began to unfold. To eliminate hydrocarbons, mengoksidasinya body to be more soluble in water, making it easier excreted. Metabolic oxidation product appears to be the major cause of cancer. For example, one of the most potent carcinogens of this type is benzo [a] pirena. Enzymatic oxidation converts it into diol-epoxide as shown in the figure below.
Diol-epoxide is then reacted with the cell's DNA, causing mutations that ultimately prevents cells reproduce normally.
Benzene is highly toxic (toxic) to humans and can cause severe liver damage, but toluene, though not dangerous, is much less toxic. How might these two similar compounds behave differently? To eliminate benzene from the body, must be in cinci aromatic oxidation, and this oxidation intermediates of a destructive nature. However, the side chain methyl of toluene can be oxidized to produce benzoic acid, which can be excreted. Intermediates in this process can not cause health problems.
While some chemicals can cause cancer, other substances can change or heal. Many substances that can prevent cancer growth, and assessment of cancer chemotherapy has been widely sumbangnya human health.
Based on the above, in the say that free polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons certain there are carcinogenic, meaning that there are cancerous. Why are these hydrocarbons are toxic, what chemicals causing substances are carcinogenic?
BalasHapusThese hydrocarbon are carcinogenic because to eliminate hydrocarbon, body usually oxidate it that dissolves in water easily. Thus more easily excreted. Metabolic oxidation product that ir the cause of cancer.
BalasHapuswhat chemicals causing substances are carcinogenic?
BalasHapus1. Rhodamine B substances are very dangerous to humans because it can cause irritation to the respiratory tract and also is a carcinogenic substance or substances that trigger the onset of cancer. In fact, high levels of Rhodamine levels can cause damage to the liver (liver).
2. Styrene is one of the types of chemicals that must be minimized its use in human life as having carcinogenic properties or cause cancer and chemicals causing substances are carcinogenic
Carcinogenic substances are substances that cause tumors, the growth of body tissue that is not normal.
BalasHapusWhat causes cancer? WHO World Health Organization estimates that 80-90% of genetic factors (heredity) or viruses. Being included in the 10% environmental factors (solar radiation, radioactive and environmental factors) is more than 10-15% due to environmental pollution.
About 30 types of chemicals are known to cause cancer in humans, approximately 300 types of chemical compounds can cause cancer in animals, and it should be noted that these compounds are often used in everyday life.
Although the nature of the substance usually safer, but not all carcinogens are synthetic compounds, many also come from nature, but can be a cause of cancer as well. Misalnva safrole in sassafran and aflatoxin is a substance produced by the mold (a type of microbes) in food, they are natural substances, but carcinogenic.
Most commonly known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogens is the most recognized and was 3.4 benzenpyrene. Carcinogenic hydrocarbons are formed due to incomplete combustion
from organic ingredients.
Most commonly known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogens is the most recognized and was 3.4 benzenpyrene. Carcinogenic hydrocarbons are formed due to incomplete combustion
BalasHapusfrom organic ingredients. It is found in cigarettes, car exhaust, coffee and so on. So the ingredients are almost certainly the cause of cancer. Nevertheless, not all polosiklik aromatic hydrocarbons are carcinogens, depending on the shape and size of the molecule. Chemicals that can cause cancer. Among them is cobalt-tungsen carbide, captafol, o-nitrotulene, Styrene, and also riddelline asritolochic acid. These chemicals are karsinogen.Anda should also know that this explanation does not mean that these chemicals can cause cancer directly, there are many factors that play a significant role as well as the vulnerability of each person, the size of the amount of exposure to chemicals and other.